Was the Prophet (sallallahu alaihe wasallam) noor (light) or bashar (a human being)?
Did he have a shadow?
Our Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) is the leader of all the sons of Adam, and he is a human being, one of the sons of Adam. He was born from two parents, he ate food and married woman, he got hungry and fell sick, and he felt joy and sorrow. One of the clearest signs of his humanity is that Allah caused him to die as He causes all souls to die, but what distinguishes the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) from others is Prophethood and Revelation.
Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning): "Say (O Muhammad): I am only a man like you. It has been revealed to me that your Ilaah (God) is One Ilaah (God i.e. Allaah)"[al-Kahf 18:110]
The state of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) in his humanity is the same as that of all the Prophets and Messengers. Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):
"And We did not create them (the Messengers, with) bodies that ate not food, nor were they immortals" [al-Anbiya' 21:8]
Allaah condemned those who wondered at the humanity of the Messenger (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), as He says (interpretation of the meaning): "And they say: Why does this Messenger (Muhammad) eat food, and walk about in the markets (as we)—?" [al-Furqaan 25:8]
It is not permissible to overstep the mark with regard to what the Qur'aan states about the message and humanity of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him). For example, it is not permissible to describe him (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) as being noor (light) or as casting no shadow, or to say that he was created from light. Rather this is a kind of exaggeration which the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) forbade when he said: "Do not exaggerate about me as was exaggerated about …Eesa ibn Maryam. Say: the slave of Allaah and His Messenger." Narrated by al-Bukhaari, 6830.
Moreover it is proven that the angels are the ones who were created from light, not any of the sons of Adam. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: "The angels were created from light, and Iblees was created from smokeless fire, and Adam (peace be upon him) was created from what has been described to you." Narrated by Muslim, 2996.
Shaykh al-Albaani (may Allaah have mercy on him) said in al-Silsilah al-Saheehah (458):
This indicates that the well known hadeeth that is in circulation among people – "The first thing that Allaah created was the light of your Prophet, O Jaabir" – is false, and so are other similar ahaadeeth which say that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) was created from light. This hadeeth clearly indicates that the angels are the only ones who are created from light, not Adam and his sons, so pay heed and do not be negligent. End quote.
The Standing Committee for Issuing Fatwas was asked the following question:
Here in Pakistan the scholars of the Bareilwi sect believe that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaa be upon him) cast no shadow, which indicates that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaa be upon him) was not human. Is this hadeeth saheeh which says that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) had no shadow?
They replied:
This view is false and goes against the texts of the Qur'aan and the saheeh Sunnah which indicate that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) was human and did not differ in his human make-up from other people. He had a shadow like any other human. The Prophethood with which Allaah honoured him did not alter the fact that he was human as Allaah created him, with a father and mother. Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):
"Say (O Muhammad): I am only a man like you. It has been revealed to me that your Ilaah (God) is One Ilaah (God i.e. Allaah)" [al-Kahf 18:110]
"Their Messengers said to them: We are no more than human beings like you" [Ibraaheem 14:11]
With regard to the report that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) was created from the light of Allaah, this is a fabricated hadeeth. End quote. Fataawa al-Lajnah al-Daa'imah, 1/464
Islam Q&A
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Q: In Pakistan, scholars of the Bareilwi Sufi order believe that the Prophet (peace be upon him) did not have a shadow like ordinary human beings, which indicates that he was not of human form. Is there any Sahih Hadith (a Hadith that has been transmitted by people known for their uprightness and exactitude; free from eccentricity and blemish) to the effect that the Prophet did not have a shadow?
A: This is a false belief and incongruous with the explicit texts of the Qur'an and Sunnah (whatever is reported from the Prophet) which affirm the human nature of the Prophet (peace be upon him) who shared the same human characteristics as the rest of mankind.
He used to have a shadow just like any ordinary human being. Being honored with Prophethood does not take him out of the fold of mankind who are born through the natural contact between a father and a mother.
Allah (Exalted be He) says: "Say (O Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم): "I am only a man like you. It has been revealed to me." [Surah Al-Kahf, 18: 110]
Allah (Exalted be He) also says: "Their Messengers said to them: 'We are no more than human beings like you" [Surah Ibrahim, 14: 11]
As for the Hadith which states that the Prophet (peace be upon him) was created from the light of Allah, it has been classified as Hadith Mawdu (fabricated Hadith).
May Allah grant us success! May peace and blessings be upon our Prophet Muhammad, his family and Companions!
Permanent Committee for Scholarly Research and Ifta'
Member Member Deputy Chairman Chairman
Abdullah ibn Qaud Abdullah ibn Ghudayyan Abdul-Razzaq Afify Abdul-Aziz ibn Abdullah ibn Baz
Permanent Committee Fatwas > Group 1 > Volume 1 ('Aqidah 1) > Creeds > Exceeding the proper limits regarding the Messenger > The Prophet is human and has a shadow like all humans / Fatwa No. 6534
Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him) said: "The noblest charity is that a Muslim acquires some knowledge (of the Deen) then imparts it to a brother Muslim."
(Ibn Majah)
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